Assumed the use of the miswaak had broken his fast

A man used the miswaak whilst fasting and then assumed that this had broken his fast, so [because of this], he drank and ate afterwards. So, is it obligatory upon him to make up this fast and offer an expiation or [is it sufficient] just to make up the fast?

Did not make up days missed in Ramadhaan throughout her menstrual years

An old lady of sixty years of age was ignorant concerning the rulings of menstruation for many years. Throughout her menstrual years, she did not make up the days missed in Ramadhaan thinking they did not have to be made up.